What is Sun Damage?
Excessive exposure to the sun makes a person look older than he/she really is. Premature wrinkling and skin damage from sun exposure is also called photoaging. Photoaging, unlike natural aging, results in coarse, dry skin, freckling and blotchy brown pigmentation, skin discoloration, enlarged blood vessels, leathery skin, and deep wrinkles.
CAUSES
Sun damage is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. UV rays penetrate the skin, damaging DNA in skin cells, which leads to premature aging, changes in pigmentation, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Over time, this exposure breaks down collagen and elastin, causing the skin to lose its smoothness and elasticity.
RISK FACTORS
Risk factors for sun damage include spending extended periods outdoors without sun protection, fair skin that burns easily, living in sunny or high-altitude locations, and using tanning beds. People who work outdoors, have a history of sunburns, or have a family history of skin cancer are also at higher risk. Individuals who do not regularly use sunscreen or protective clothing are more prone to cumulative sun damage over time.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of sun damage include wrinkles, fine lines, and loss of skin elasticity (premature aging), uneven skin tone or dark spots (hyperpigmentation), freckles, and rough or dry skin. More severe cases can result in actinic keratosis (precancerous rough patches), sunburn, and an increased risk of skin cancer. The appearance of spider veins and a leathery texture can also be signs of significant sun damage.
Before and After
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